The Great Smoky Mountains Animals & Best Trails to Find Them

Wildlife In The Great Smoky Mountains

While exploring dense forests, walking along scenic rivers, or driving through mountain valleys, there’ll be countless opportunities to witness fascinating creatures in their natural environment. 

Here are some of the most remarkable animals you might encounter:

1. Black Bears

The black bear is the most iconic species of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. With an estimated 1,500 bears living in the park, the Smokies have one of the highest black bear populations in the eastern U.S. 

These animals are most active in spring and fall and are often spotted in Cades Cove, Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, and along hiking trails during the early mornings or late evenings. While adorable from a distance, black bears are wild animals, and maintaining a safe distance is crucial for both their well-being and yours.

2. Elk

Once native to the region, elk disappeared in the 1800s due to overhunting but were successfully reintroduced in Cataloochee Valley in 2001. These massive creatures, weighing over 700 pounds, are exciting to watch in the fall. This is their rutting season when males let out their distinctive bugling calls.

3. White-Tailed Deer

As one of the most commonly seen mammals in the park, white-tailed deer thrive in Cades Cove, Oconaluftee Valley, and open meadows. They are most active at dawn and dusk, foraging for food in grassy fields.

4. Coyotes & Bobcats

Though rarely seen due to their nocturnal nature, coyotes and bobcats roam the park, preying on small mammals and birds. Bobcats, being solitary hunters, tend to stay deep in the forest, while coyotes are more adaptable and can sometimes be spotted in open areas.

5. Red and Gray Foxes

Both red foxes and gray foxes call the Smokies home. Red foxes prefer open fields, while gray foxes can climb trees, making them more elusive. Their playful yet cautious nature makes sightings rare but rewarding.

6. River Otters

Once nearly wiped out from the park, river otters were successfully reintroduced in the 1990s. These energetic swimmers can be found in Little River, Abrams Creek, and other clear mountain streams.

7. Raccoons

Raccoons are one of the most adaptable and curious animals in the great Smoky Mountains. These nocturnal creatures are known for their distinctive black “mask” and dexterous front paws, which they use to search for food along rivers, campsites, and wooded areas. 

Though they may seem cute, raccoons can be mischievous, often scavenging through trash or unattended food. They are commonly seen near picnic areas, streams, and forested trails, especially at dusk.

8. Chipmunks

Eastern chipmunks are tiny, energetic rodents that can often be seen darting through the forest floor, gathering food in their cheek pouches. These small, striped mammals thrive in wooded areas and near rocky outcrops, where they build burrows to store food for the winter. 

Chipmunks are most active during the day and are often spotted near hiking trails, quickly scurrying away at the sight of humans.

9. Squirrels

The Smokies are home to several squirrel species, including the Eastern gray squirrel, red squirrel, and the rare Northern flying squirrel. Gray squirrels are the most common and can be seen leaping from tree to tree in wooded areas. 

Red squirrels are smaller and more aggressive, often found in higher elevations. The elusive flying squirrel, despite its name, glides rather than flies and is primarily nocturnal, making it difficult to spot.

10. Salamanders

The Great Smoky Mountains are often called the “Salamander Capital of the World”, with over 30 species thriving in its cool, damp environment. 

These amphibians come in a variety of colors and patterns, from the bright red Red-cheeked Salamander to the elusive Hellbender, which can grow up to two feet long. Salamanders can be found under logs, near streams, and in moss-covered forest areas, especially after rain.

11. Snakes

While many visitors worry about encountering snakes, the majority of snake species in the Smokies are harmless and play an important role in the ecosystem. Common species include the black rat snake, garter snake, and Eastern milk snake. 

However, two venomous species—the timber rattlesnake and the copperhead—also reside in the park. These snakes typically avoid human interaction and are rarely aggressive unless provoked. If you encounter one, simply give it space and continue on your way.

Birds of the Great Smoky Mountains

With over 200 bird species, the Smokies are a paradise for birdwatchers.

• Peregrine Falcons: These incredible birds of prey, known for their high-speed dives, nest along cliff faces, particularly near Alum Cave Bluffs.
• Barred Owls: Often heard calling “who cooks for you?” at night, these owls prefer deep forests and riparian areas.
• Pileated Woodpeckers: The largest woodpecker in the U.S., these striking birds with red crests are often seen hammering away at tree trunks in search of insects.
• Wild Turkeys: Frequently spotted in fields and along roadsides, these large birds travel in groups and are commonly seen in Cades Cove and Greenbrier.

Best Places to See Wildlife in the Smoky Mountains

If you’re hoping to see Great Smoky Mountains wildlife, timing and location are key. Here are some of the best spots:

1. Cades Cove

One of the most popular spots in the Smokies, Cades Cove is a large valley with open fields where black bears, deer, and turkeys are often seen. The Cades Cove Loop Road offers excellent viewing opportunities, especially at dawn and dusk.

2. Cataloochee Valley

For those looking to spot elk, Cataloochee Valley is the top destination. Early mornings and late evenings provide the best chance to see these majestic animals.

3. Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail

A scenic drive through dense forests where visitors often spot black bears and wild turkeys.

4. Newfound Gap Road

Newfound Gap Road is a high-elevation route offering great chances to see peregrine falcons, deer, and other wildlife while enjoying stunning mountain views.

5. Deep Creek & Cosby Campgrounds

These quieter areas of the park are excellent for spotting salamanders, birds, and smaller mammals.

Wildlife Safety Tips

Respecting the park’s animals is crucial for both their safety and yours. Here are key wildlife safety guidelines:

• Keep a safe distance: Always stay at least 50 yards away from bears and elk. Use binoculars or a zoom lens to observe animals safely.
• Do not feed wildlife: Feeding animals disrupts their natural behavior and can make them aggressive toward humans.
• Store food properly: If camping, secure food in bear-proof containers to avoid attracting wildlife.
• Drive cautiously: Many animals, especially deer and bears, cross roads unexpectedly. Always obey speed limits and stay alert.
• Stay on trails: Venturing off marked paths can disturb fragile habitats and increase the risk of unexpected animal encounters.

Best Time to Visit the Great Smoky Mountain National Park

The experience of wildlife in the Smoky Mountains changes with the seasons. Here’s what to expect throughout the year:

Photography & Viewing Tips

Capturing Great Smoky Mountains’ animals requires patience and respect.

• Use a zoom lens: A 300mm or longer lens is ideal for photographing animals from a safe distance.
• Shoot during golden hours: Early morning and late afternoon provide the best lighting and increased wildlife activity.
• Respect the environment: Avoid sudden movements and loud noises that might startle animals.
• Best photography spots: Cades Cove, Clingmans Dome, Cataloochee Valley, and Newfound Gap.

Explore the Wildlife of the Great Smoky Mountains

The Great Smoky Mountains National Park offers an extraordinary opportunity to witness diverse wildlife in its natural setting. Whether you’re hoping to see bears, elk, salamanders, or rare birds, each visit provides a new and exciting encounter.

By following wildlife safety guidelines and respecting the natural habitat, you can enjoy a safe and memorable experience while helping preserve this incredible ecosystem for future generations.

The Great Smoky Mountains National Park offers unique wildlife experiences – from majestic black bears and elk to rare salamanders and birds. Whether hiking, driving, or simply soaking in the beauty of the park, there are plenty of opportunities to observe and appreciate nature’s wonders.

By respecting the animals and following park guidelines, one can safely enjoy the incredible wildlife in the Great Smoky Mountains while preserving it for future generations.